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1 Flad, H.D., Playfiar, J.H.L., Ghaffar, A. and Meischer, P.A. Strain differences in the liver autoantibody response of inbred mice. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 131:121-124, 1969
2 Allman, V., Ghaffar, A., Playfair, J.H.L. and Roitt, I.M. Transfer of autoantibody formation by NZB bone marrow cells. Transplantation 8:899-900, 1969
3 Ghaffar, A., Krisiakova, M. and Playfair, J.H.L. Deficient cell mediated immunity in adult NZB mice. Transplantation 10:423-433, 1970
4 Ghaffar, A., and Playfair J.H.L. The genetic basis of autoimmunity in NZB mice studied by progeny testing. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 8:479-490, 1971
5 Ghaffar, A., and James, K. The effect of anti-lymphocytic antibody on the humoral immune response in different strains of mice. II. The response to sheep erythrocytes. Immunology 24:455-465, 1973
6 Ghaffar, A. and James K. The effect of anti-lymphocytic Antibody on the humoral immune response in different strains of mice. III. The response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. Immunology 24:1075-1085, 1973
7 Woodruff, M.F.A., Dunbar, N. and Ghaffar, A. The growth of tumors in T cell deprived mice and their response to treatment with Corynebacterium parvum. Proc. Roy. Soc. London (B) 184:97-102, 1973
8 Ghaffar, A. and James, K. The effect of anti-lymphocytic antibody on the humoral immune response in different strains of mice. IV. Variable effects of individual ALG preparation on the immune response to type III polysaccharide antigen. Immunology 26:11-22, 1974
9 James, K., Ghaffar, A. and Milne, I. The effect of transplanted methyl-cholanthrene induced fibrosarcomas and Corynebacterium parvum on the immune response of CBA and A/HeJ mice to thymus dependent and independent antigens. Brit. J. Cancer 29: 11-20, 1974
10 Ghaffar, A., Cullen, R.T., Dunbar, N. and Woodruff, M.F.A. Anti-tumor effect in vitro of lymphocytes and macrophages from mice treated with Corynebacterium parvum. Brit. J. Cancer 29:199-205, 1974
11 McBride, W.H., Daws, J., Dunbar, N., Ghaffar, A. and Woodruff, M.F.A. A comparative study of anaerobic coryneforms: Attempts to correlate their antitumor activity with their serological properties and ability to stimulate the lympho-reticular system. Immunology 28:49-58, 1975
12 Ghaffar, A., Cullen, R.T. and Woodruff, M.F.A. Further analysis of the antitumor effect in vitro of peritoneal exudate cells from mice treated with Corynebacterium parvum. Brit. J. Cancer 341:15-24, 1975
13 Calder, E.A., Irvine, W.J. and Ghaffar, A. K-cell cytotoxic activity in the spleen and lymph nodes of tumor-bearing mice. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 19:393-397
14 Woodruff, M.F. A., Ghaffar, A. and Dunbar, N. Mechanisms underlying antitumor effect of Corynebacterium parvum. Transplant. Proc. 7:525-527, 1975
15 Warr, G.W., Ghaffar, A. and James, K. The response of mice to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide: failure to detect thymus-derived suppressor cells. Cell. Immunol. 17:366-371, 1975
16 Ghaffar, A., Calder, E.A. and Irvine, W.J. K-cell cytotoxicity against antibody-coated chicken erythrocytes in tumor-bearing mice: its development with progressively growing tumor and the effect of immunization against the tumor. J. Immunol. 116:315-318, 1976
17 Woodruff, M.F.A., Ghaffar, A., and Whitehead, V. Modification of the effect of Corynebacterium parvum on macrophage activity and tumor growth by x-irradiation. Int. J. Cancer 17:652-658, 1976
18 Woodruff, M.F.A., Ghaffar, A., Dunbar, N and Whitehead, V. The effects of C. parvum on immunization with irradiated tumour cells. Brit. J. Cancer 33: 491-495, 1976
19 Ghaffar, A., McBride, W.H. and Cullen, R.T. Interaction of tumor and activated macrophages in vitro: modulation by Corynebacterium parvum and gold salt. J. Reticulo-endothel. Soc. 20:283-289, 1976
20 Ghaffar, A. and Cullen R.T. In vitro behavior of Corynebacterium parvum activated cytotoxic macrophages. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 20:349-357, 1977
21 Ghaffar, A. and Cullen, R.T. In vitro antitumor effect of lymphoid cells from Corynebacterium parvum treated mice. Effect of route of C. Parvum administration. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 58:717-720, 1977
22 Farzad, A., Pennys, N.S., Ghaffar, A., Ziboh, V.A. and Schlossberg, J. PG2A synthesis in stimulated and non- stimulated peritoneal preparation containing macrophages. Prostaglandins 14:829-837, 1977
23 Ghaffar, A., Lichter, W., Wellham, L.L. and Sigel, M.M. Effect of anticancer chemotherapeutic agents on immune reactions of mice. I. Comparison of two nitroso-ureas: 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and 1-(2-chloroethyl- 3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea. J. Nat. Cancer. Inst. 60:1483-1487, 1978
24 Distasio, J.A., Lopez, D.M., Ghaffar, A., Sigel, M.M. and Silverman M. Mechanism of specifically induced non- specifically expressed cytotoxicity. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 24:161-167, 1978
25 Ghaffar, A. and Sigel, M.M. Immunomodulation by Corynebacterium parvum: I. Variable effects on anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody response. Immunology 35:656-693, 1978
26 Cullen, R.T. and Ghaffar, A., Possible mechanisms underlying the induction of cytotoxic macrophages by Corynebacterium parvum. I. In vitro induction of cytotoxicity in normal macrophages by immune lymphocytes. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 24:343-353, 1978
27 Lichter, W., Wellham, L.L., Sigel, M.M. and Ghaffar, A. Suppressor activity of splenocytes from mice treated with Ecteninanscidia turbinata extract. J. Immunol. 122:8-11, 1979
28 Ghaffar, A. The activation of macrophages by Corynebacterium parvum: effect of anticomplementary agents cobra venom factor and sodium cyanate. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 27:327-335, 1980
29 Gangemi, J.D. Ghaffar, A., Trauger, R.J. and Sigel, M.M. Natural killer cell activation in lipopolysaccharide responsive and non-responsive mice by viral and bacterial agents. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 27:525-533, 1980
30 Lynch, W.E., Sartiano, G.P. and Ghaffar, A. Erythrocytes as carriers of chemotherapeutic agents for targeting the reticuloendothelial system. Amer. J. Hematol. 9:249-259, 1980
31 Paul, R.D., Ghaffar, A., Sigel, M.M., Charyulu, V. and Lopez, D.M. Splenic alterations during mammary tumorigenesis: Diverse effects on different immune parameters. Anticancer Res. 1:63-69, 1981
32 Paul, R.D., Ghaffar, A. and Sigel, M.M. Selective action of alkylating agents against cells participating in suppression of antibody responses. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 4:159-166, 1982
33 Ghaffar, A., Sigel, M.M. and Huggins, E.M., Jr. Resistance of helper T lymphocytes to cyclophosphamide. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 7:449-454,1985
34 Midoux, P., Negre, E., Roche, A-C., Mayer, R., Monsigny, M., Balzarini, J., Clercq, E. De, Mayer, E.P., Ghaffar, A. and Gangemi, J.D. Drug targeting: Anti HSV-1 activity of mannosylated polymer-bound 9-(2-Phosphonyl-methoxy-ethyl) adenine. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 167, 1044-1049, 1990
35 Pyo, S. Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A., and Mayer, E.P. Poly I:C-induced anti-HSV-1 activity in inflammatory macrophages is mediated by induction of interferon- J. Leuk. Biol. 50, 479-487, 1991
36 DeCastro, L.M., Kern, E.R., De Clercq, E., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P., Vogt, P.E., and Gangemi, J.D. Phosphonylmethosyalkyl purine and pyrimidine derivatives for treatment of opportunistic cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections in murine AIDS. Antiviral Research 16, 101-114, 1991
37 Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P., Barnhart, D.C., Pyo, S., Szymaniec, S., Hochkeppel, H-K. and Gangemi, J.D. Cross species antiviral activity of a recombinant human alpha-interferon hybrid. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 653, 314-322, 1992
38 Woods, J A, Davis, JM, Mayer, E.P., Ghaffar, A., and Pate, R.R. Exercise increases inflammatory macrophage anti-tumor cytotoxicity. J. Appl. Physiol. 75, 879-886, 1993
39 Pyo, S., Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Poly I:C-induced antiviral and cytotoxic activities are mediated by different mechanisms. Internat. J. Immunopharm. 15, 477-486, 1993
40 Woods,J.A., Davis, JM, Mayer, E.P., Ghaffar, A., and Pate, R.R. Effects of exercise on macrophage activation for antitumor cytotoxicity. J. Applied Physiol., 76, 2177-2185, 1994
41 Woods, J.A., Davis, J.M., Kohut, M.L., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P., and Pate, R.R. Effects of exercise the immune response to cancer. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26:1109-1115, 1994
42 Zhao, B. Moore, W.M., Ghaffar, A., Lamb, L.S., Eddy, V.A., Parrish, R., Almond, C.H., Barwick, E.M., Haynes, J.L. and Brown, J.J. Pneumococcal clearance function of the intact autotransplanted spleen. Arch Surg. 130:946-950, 1995
43 Wonderling, R., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer E.P. LPS-induced suppression of phagocytosis: effects on the phagocytic machinery. Immunopharmacol & Immunotoxicol. 18:267-289, 1996
44 Strasner, A., Davis, JM, Kohut, M.L., Pate, R.R., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Effects of exercise intensity on natural Killer cell activity in women. Int. J. Sport Med. 18:56-62,1997
45 Davis, J M, Kohut, M.L., Colbert, L.H., Jackson, D.A., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Exercise, alveolar macrophage function and susceptibility to respiratory infection. J. Appl. Physiol. 83:1461-1466, 1997
46 Kohut, M.L., Davis, J M, Jackson, D.A., Colbert, L.H., Strasner, A., Essig, D.A., Pate, R.R, Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. The role of stress hormones in exercise-induced suppression of alveolar macrophage antiviral function. J. Neuroimmunol. 81; 193-200, 1998
47 Davis, J M, Kohut, M.L., Jackson, D.A., Hertler, L.M., Mayer, E.P. and Ghaffar, A. Effect of exercise on lung tumor metastases and in vitro alveolar macrophage anti-tumor activity. Am. J. Physiol. 274:R1454-R1459, 1998
48 Davis, JM, Weaver, J A, Kohut, M.L., Hertler, L.M. Ghaffar, A., and Mayer, E.P. Immune System Activation and Fatigue During Treadmill Running: Role of Interferon-a/. Med. Sci. Sport Exercise 30:863-868, 1998
49 Kohut, M.L., Davis, J M, Jackson, D.A., Jani, P. Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P. and Essig, D.A. Exercise-induced alterations in alveolar macrophage response to infection with herpes simplex virus type one (HSV-1): Interferon-Beta expression and viral replication. Am. J. Physiol. 275:L1089-L1094, 1998
50 Gowen, B., Borg, T.K., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P.M. Selective adhesion of macrophagees to denatured forms of type I collagen is mediated by scavenger receptors. Matrix Biol. 19:61-71, 2000
51 Gowen, B., Borg, T.K., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P.M. The collagenous domain of class A scavenger receptors is involved in macrophage adhesionto collagens. J. Leuk. Biol. 69:575-582, 2001
52 Colbert, L.H., Davis, J.M., Essig, D.A., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Tissue expression and plasma concentrations of TNF-a., IL-1, and IL-6 following treadmill exercise in mice. Int. J. Sports Med. 22:1-7, 2001
53 Davis, J.M., Murphy, E.A., Ghaffar, A. and E.P. Mayer. Effects of moderate exercise and oat beta-glucan on innate immune function and susceptibility to respiratory infection. Am. J. Physiol. 286:372, 2004
54 Murphy, E.A., Davis, J.M, Brown, A.S., Carmichael M.D., Mayer, E. P. and Ghaffar, A. Effects of moderate exercise and oat [[beta]]-glucan on lung tumor metastases and macrophage antitumor cytotoxicity. Am. J. Physiol. In Press
55 Davis, J.M., Murphy, E.A., Ghaffar, A. and E.P. Mayer. Effects of oat -glucan on susceptibility to infection following short term exhaustive exercise training. Am. J. Physiol. In Press
56 Brown, A.S., Davis, J.M., Murphy, E.A., Carmichael M.D., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Effects of gender on susceptibility to HSV-1 infection following repeated exercise stress. Am. J. Physiol. In Press
57 Lichter, W., Ghaffar, A., Wellham, L.L. and Sigel, M.M. Immunomodulation by extracts of Ecteinascidia turbinata (Ete). In "Drugs and Food from the Sea: Myth or Reality'? (P.N. Kaul and C.J. Snidermann, eds.), pp 137-144. University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 1978.
58 Sigel, M.M., Paul, R.D. and Ghaffar, A. Adult thymectomy and cyclophosphamide have selective effects on immuno-regulatory T cells and their precursors. In 'The Molecular Basis of Immune Cell Function' (J H Kaplan, ed.), pp 671-675. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, 1979
59 Lichter, W., Wellham, L.L., Ghaffar, A. and Sigel, M.M. Resistance to tumor challenge after BCNU therapy: Comparison of nitroso-ureas. In 'Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, vol. II' (J.D. Nelson and C. Grasso eds.), pp 1611-1613. Amer. Soc. Microbiol., Washington, DC, 1980
60 Ghaffar, A., Lichter, W., Wellham, L.L., Paul, R.D. and Sigel, M.M. Effects of various alkylating agents on T-dependent and infectious Diseases, vol. II' (J.D. Nelson and C Grasso, eds.), pp 1716-1717. Amer. Soc. Microbiol., Washington, DC, 1980
61 Sigel, M.M., Lichter, W., Ghaffar, A., Wellham, L.L. and Weinheimer, A.J. Substances from marine organism influencing tumor growth and immune responses. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 121A:577-588, 1980
62 Sigel, M.M., Ghaffar, A., Paul, R.D. and Lichter, W. Selectivity of immunosuppressive agents with regard to suppression of memory precursor and effector cells. In 'Symposium on Immunological Memory' (M.J. Manning, ed.), pp 273-279. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, 1980
63 Ghaffar, A. Activation of macrophages in vivo. In 'Manual of Macrophage Methodology' (H.B. Herscowitz, H.T. Holden, J.A. Bellanti and A. Ghaffar, eds.), pp 44-446. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1981
64 Ghaffar, A., Paul, R.D., Lichter, W., Wellham, L.L. and Sigel, M.M. Selective action of alkylating agents on helper and suppressor functions. In 'Biological Relevance of Immunosuppression. (J.H. Dean and M.L. Padarathsingh, eds.), pp 210-225. van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1981
65 Ghaffar, A., Paul, R.D., Sigel, M.M., Lichter, W. and Wellham, L.L. Immunomodulation by Corynebacterium parvum. 'In Immunomodulation by Bacteria and Their Products' (H. Friedman, T. Klein and A. Szentivanyi, eds.), pp 135-149. Plenum, New York, 1981
66 Sigel, M.M., Ghaffar, A., McCumber, L.J. And Huggins, E.M., Jr. Immunosuppressive agents: A conceptual overview of their action on inductive and regulatory pathways. In 'Clinical Cellular Immunology: Molecular and Therapeutic Reviews' (H.H. Weetall and A.A. Luderer, eds.), pp 66-144. Human, Clifton, NJ, 1982
67 Sigel, M.M. Ghaffar, A., Paul, R.D., Licther, W., Wellham, L.L., McCumber, L.J. and Huggins, E.M., Jr. Immuno-suppressive agent-their action on inductive and regulatory pathways: The differential effects of agents used clinically or experimentally in the treatment of cancer. In 'Clinical Cellular Immunology: Molecular and Therapeutic Reviews' (H.H. Weetall and A.A Luderer, eds)., pp 145-211. Humana, Clifton, NJ, 1982.
68 Sigel, M.M., Huggins, E.M., Jr., Wood, D.M. and Ghaffar, A. Selective action of cyclophosphamide on T and B cell activity. In 'Chemical Regulation of Immunity in Veterinary Medicine' (M. Kende, J. Gainer and M. Chirigos, Eds.) pp 241-248. Alan R. Liss, New York, 1984
69 Ghaffar, A., Krech, L. and Wood, D. Immunomodulation by novel antimalarial chemotherapeutic agents. In 'Chemical Regulation of Immunity in Veterinary Medicine' (M. Kende, J. Gainer and M. Chirigos, eds.) pp 249-257. Alan R Liss, New York, 1984
70 Sigel, M.M., Ghaffar, A., McCumber, L.J., Huggins, E.M., Jr., and Lichter W. Immuno-stimulatory activity of Ecteinascidia turbinata (Ete) extract in a variety of animal species. In 'Chemical Regulation of Immunity in Veterinary Medicine' (M. Kende, J. Gainer and M Chirigos, eds) pp 543-554. Alan R Liss, New York, 1984
71 Sigel, M.M., Lichter, W., McCumber, L.J., Ghaffar, A., Wellham, L.L. and Hightower, J.A. A Substance from the marine tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata with selective action on macrophages. In 'Mononuclear Phagocyte Biology: Population Diversity, Renewal and Regulation' (A Volkman, ed.) pp 451-471. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1984
72 Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P., Barnhart, D.C., Pyo, S., Szymaniec, S., Hochkeppel, H.-K. and Gangemi, J.D. Cross-species antiviral activity of a recombinant human alpha-interferon hybrid. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 653:314-322, 1992
73 Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P., Szymaniec, S., De Clercq, E., and Monsigny, M. Targeting and delivery of antiviral substances. Proc. 17th Int. Cong. Chemother., 1993
74 Ghaffar, A. and Playfair, J.H.L. Independent segregation of two autoimmune characteristics in the progeny testing of NZB and Balb/c mice. Brit. Soc. Immunol. Spring Meeting, London, May, 1969
75 James, K., Milne, I. and Ghaffar, A. The effect of antilymphocyte antibody on the primary and secondary immune responses of different strains of mice to alum-precipitated bovine serum albumin and sheep erythrocytes. Brit. Soc. Immunol. Spring Meeting, London, April, 1972
76 Ghaffar, A. and James, K. The effect of antilymphocyte antibody on the primary immune response of different strains of mice to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. Brit. Soc. Immunol. Spring Meeting, London, April, 1972
77 Ghaffar, A. Variation in the immune response of different mouse strains. Scottish Immunology Group Meeting, Aberdeen, September, 1973
78 Ghaffar, A., James, K. and Milne, I. The effect of transplanted methyl-cholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas and Corynebacterium parvum on the immune response of CBA and A/Jax mice to thymus dependent and independent antigens. Brit. Soc. Immunol., Fall Meeting, London, October, 1973
79 Ghaffar, A. and Woodruff, M.F.A. The antitumor effect in vitro of lympho-reticular cells from mice treated with Corynebacterium parvum. Brit. Soc. Immunol. Spring Meeting, London, April, 1974
80 Ghaffar, A. Antitumor effect of C. parvum: effect on the immune response to live and irradiated tumor. Miami Winter Symposia, Miami, FL, January, 1975
81 Ghaffar, A. and Calder, E.A. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in tumor-bearing mice. Eur. Soc. Immunol. Meeting, Amsterdam, September, 1975
82 Ghaffar, A. and McBride, W.H. The effect of gold salt on the cytotoxic property of Corynebacterium parvum stimulated macrophages. Reticuloendothel Soc Annual Meeting, Miami, FL, December, 1975
83 Ghaffar, A. and Calder, E.A. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity and its correlation with Fc positive cells in a fibrosarcoma. Annual Meeting of the Florida Division of the ASM, Miami, January, 1976
84 Ghaffar, A. The role of complement in the stimulation of the RES function by Corynebacterium parvum. Reticuloendothel. Soc. Annual Meeting, New Orleans, December, 1976
85 Ghaffar, A., Sigel, M.M. and Long, S.M. Immunomodulation by Corynebacterium parvum. FASEB Annual Meeting, Chicago, April, 1977
86 Ghaffar, A. A possible role of complement in the activation of macrophages by C. parvum. 3rd Intl. Congr. Immunol, Sydney, Australia, 1977
87 Ghaffar, A., Lichter, W., Wellham, L.L. and Sigel, M.M. Immunomodulation by extract of Ecteinascidia turbinata. Conference on Food and Drugs from the Sea, Norman, OK, September, 1977
88 Ghaffar, A., Lichter, W., Wellham, L.L. and Sigel, M.M. Immunomodulation by extract of Ecteinascidia turbinata. Reticuloendothel. Soc. Annual Meeting, Tuscon, Dec, 1977
89 Sigel, M.M., Lichter, W., Wellham, L.L, Ghaffar, A. and Epstein, R.S. A suppressor cell activated by Ecteinascidia turbinata extract. ASM Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, May, 1978
90 Distasio, J.A., Ghaffar, A. and Silverman, M.S. Specific induction of lymphokine(s) by tumor immune splenocytes. FASEB Meeting, Atlanta, GA June, 1978
91 Ghaffar, A., Paul, R.D. and Sigel, M.M. Sensitivity of suppressor cells to alkylating agents. 8th Intl Congr of the Reticuloendothel. Soc., Jerusalem, June, 1978
92 Ghaffar, A., Hauchman, F.S. and Gar, L.A. Changes in the immune functions of mice with Chaga's disease. 8th Intl. Congr. of the Reticuloendothel. Soc., Jerusalem, June, 1978
93 Lichter, W., Ghaffar, A., Wellham, L.L. and Sigel, M.M. Stimulation of RE system by Ecteinascidia turbinata. 8th Intl. Congr. of the Reticuloendothel. Soc., Jerusalem, June, 1978
94 Ghaffar, A. Immunosuppression, Immunopotentiation and activation of macrophages by extract of Ecteinascidia turbinata. Workshop on Collection and Analysis of Biologically Active Materials from the Sea, Bethesda, MD. October, 1978
95 Ghaffar, A. In vivo clearance of particulate material. 3rd Pre-meeting Workshop on Macrophage Activation, Reticuloendothel. Soc. Meeting, Charleston, SC, December, 1978
96 Ghaffar, A. and Sigel, M.M. Variable effects of chemotherapeutic agents on humoral immune responses. Reticuloendothel. Soc. Meeting, Charleston, December, 1978
97 Ghaffar, A., Lichter, W., Wellham, L.L. and Sigel, M.M. Synergistic and antagonistic effects of C. parvum on therapeutic effects of a nitrosourea. Reticuloendothel. Soc. Meeting, Charleston, SC, 1978
98 Ghaffar, A., Paul, R.D., Lopez, D.M., Charyulu, V. and Sigel, M.M. Changes in the immune responsiveness of mice during the growth of mammary adenocarcinoma. Reticuloendothel. Soc. Meeting, Charleston, SC, 1978
99 Ghaffar, A. Chemotherapeutic agents with immunosuppressive and immuno-potentiating effects: Indirect action. Symposium on Immunomodulation in Cancer, Philadelphia, March, 1979
100 Paul, R.D., Ghaffar, A. and Sigel, M.M. Effect of cyclophosphamide on humoral immune responses and immuno-regulatory cells. FASEB Meeting, Dallas, TX, April, 1979
101 Ghaffar, A. and Sigel, M.M. Failure of Corynebacterium parvum to activate cytotoxic macrophages in C3H/HeJ mice. ASM Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA May, 1979
102 Paul, R.D., Ghaffar, A. and Sigel, M.M. Effect of adult thymectomy on suppressor cells. ASM Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA May, 1979.
103 Sigel, M.M., Paul, R.D. and Ghaffar, A. Adult thymectomy and cyclophosphamide have selective effects on immuno-regulatory cells and their precursors. 13th Leukocyte Conference, Ottawa, Canada, May, 1979.
104 Sigel, M.M., Paul, R.D. and Ghaffar, A. Effect of adult thymectomy and cyclophosphamide on immuno-regulatory cells. Brit. Soc. Immunol. Summer Meeting, Brighton, England, July, 1979
105 Ghaffar, A., Lichter, W., Wellham, L.L. and Sigel, M.M. Effect of various alkylating agents on T-dependent and T-independent immune responses. 11th ICC and 19th ICAAC, Boston, MA, October, 1979
106 Lichter, W., Wellham, L.L., Ghaffar, A. and Sigel, M.M. Resistance to tumor re-challenge after BCNU Therapy and comparison of nitroso-ureas. 11th ICC and 19th ICAAC, Boston, MA, October, 1979
107 Ghaffar, A. Effect of Corynebacterium parvum on Gardner lymphosarcoma (GL). SE Regional Meeting of the ASM, Atlanta, GA, November, 1979
108 Ghaffar, A. The selective action of alkylating agents on helper and suppressor functions. Conference on Biological Relevance of Immune Suppression as Induced by Genetic, Therapeutic and Environmental Factors, Williamsburg, VA, November, 1979
109 Ghaffar, A. Immunomodulation by Corynebacterium parvum. Conference on Immunomodulation by Bacteria and Their Products, Tampa, FL, November, 1979
110 Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A. and Sigel, M.M. Natural killer cell activation in lipopolysaccharide responsive and non-responsive mice by viral and bacterial agents. Reticuloendothel. Soc. Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, December, 1979
111 Ghaffar, A. In vivo clearance of particulate material. 4th Pre-meeting Workshop on Reticuloendothelial Cell Function, Reticuloendothel. Soc. Meeting, San Antonio, TX December, 1979.
112 Sigel, M.M., Ghaffar, A., Paul, R.D. and Lichter, W. Selectivity of immunosuppressive agents with regard to suppression of memory precursors and effector cells. Intl Symp Immunological Memory, Annual Meeting of the Amer. Soc. Zoologists, Tampa, FL, December, 1979
113 Ghaffar, A. Immuno-regulatory cells and effects of chemotherapeutic agents. 12th SE Immunol Conf, Mobile, AL, February, 1980
114 Ghaffar, A. Immunological aspects of chemical carcinogenesis. Symp on Current Aspects of Carcinogenesis, USC School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, September, 1980
115 Ghaffar, A. Effect of cyclophosphamide on regulatory cells involved in humoral responses. Regional Meeting of the KY/TN/SC Branches of the ASM, Gatlinburg, TN, Nov, 1980
116 Paul, R.D., Ghaffar, A., Sigel, M.M, Charyulu, V. and Lopez, D.M. Reticuloendothelial system alteration during mammary tumorigenesis. Reticuloendothel. Soc. Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL, December, 1980
117 Ghaffar, A. In vivo clearance of particulate material. 5th Pre-meeting Workshop on Reticuloendothelial Cell Function, Reticuloendothel. Soc. Meeting, Tampa, FL, December, 1980
118 Ghaffar, A., Sigel, M.M. and Huggins, E.M., Jr. Helper T Cells in SRBC response are resistant to cyclophosphamide (Cy). FASEB Meeting, Atlanta, GA, April, 1981
119 Lynch, W.E., Sartiano, G.P. and Ghaffar, A. Encapsulation of Bleomycin in erythrocytes and inhibition of phagocytic function in mice by the free and erythrocyte entrapped drug. FASEB Meeting, Atlanta, GA, April, 1981
120 Ghaffar, A. In vivo clearance of particulate material. 6th Pre-meeting Workshop on Reticuloendothelial Cell Function, Reticuloendothel. Soc. Meeting, Milwaukee, WI, October, 1981
121 Ghaffar, A. Separation of macrophage sub-populations by density gradient centrifugation. 6th Pre-meeting Workshop on Reticuloendothelial Cell Function, Reticuloendothel. Soc. Meeting, Milwaukee, WI, October, 1981
122 Wood, D.M. and Ghaffar, A. Lymphocytes with neutral proteinase activity: A subset of T lymphocytes? Annual Meeting of the SC-B-ASM, Columbia, SC November, 1981
123 Ghaffar, A. and Wood, D.M. Lymphocytes with neutral proteinase activity: A sub-population of T-lymphocytes? ASM Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, march, 1982
124 Sigel, M.M, Lichter, W., McCumber, L.J., Ghaffar, A., Wellham, L.L. and Hightower, J.A. A substance from the marine tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata with selective action on macrophages. Conference on Mononuclear Phagocyte Biology, Wrightsville, Beach, NC, May, 1982
125 Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Heterogeneity among peritoneal Macrophages. Annual Meeting of the SE and SC Branches of the ASM, Jekyll Island, GA, October, 1982
126 Mayer, E.P. and Ghaffar, A. Heterogeneity among peritoneal macrophages. Reticuloendothel. Soc. Meeting, St. Louis, MO, October, 1982
127 Ghaffar, A., In vitro and In vivo phagocytosis. 7th Annual Pre-meeting Workshop on Reticuloendothelial Cell Function, Reticuloendothel. Soc. Meeting, St. Louis, MO, October, 1982.
128 Ghaffar, A. Separation of macrophage sub-populations by density gradient centrifugation. 7th Annual Pre-meeting Workshop on Reticuloendothelial Cell Function, Reticuloendothel. Soc. Meeting, St. Louis, MO, October, 1982
129 Ghaffar, A., Sigel, M.M. and Huggins, E.M., Jr. Differential effects of cyclophosphamide (Cy) on lymphocyte Sub-populations. FASEB Meeting, Chicago, IL, 1983
130 Wachter, J., Sartiano, G.P., Sigel, M.M., Smith, M.R., Mcfarland, J.F., Valdivieso, J. and Ghaffar, A. Combination chemotherapy, radiation therapy and thymosin immunotherapy for oat cell carcinoma of the lung. Conference on Thymic Hormones and Lymphokines, George Washington University, Washington, DC, May, 1983
131 Ghaffar, A. Effect of antimalarial drugs on humoral and cellular immune responses. Workshop on the Assessment of the Chemical Regulation of Immunity in Veterinary Medicine, Bethesda, MD, September, 1983
132 Ghaffar, A. Separation of macrophage sub-populations by density gradient centrifugation. 8th Annual Pre-meeting Workshop on Reticuloendothelial Cell Function, Reticuloendothel. Soc. Meeting, Portland, OR, October, 1983
133 Ghaffar, A., Butler, B. and Nachtigal, M. Macrophage functions in virally induced murine diabetes. Reticuloendothel. Soc. Meeting, Montreal, Canada, October, 1984
134 Barnhart, D., Ghaffar, A., and Gangemi, J.D. Activation of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages by liposome encapsulated muramyl tripeptide. Annual Meeting of the SC Branch of the ASM, October, 1984
135 Barnhart, D., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P. and Gangemi, J.D. Activation of alveolar macrophages by liposome encapsulated muramyl tripeptide. Annual Meeting of the SC Branch of the ASM, October, 1985
136 Ghaffar, A., Barnhart, D., Mayer, E.P., Hightower, J.A. and Gangemi, J.D. Activation of macrophages from various anatomical sites by liposome encapsulated muramyl tripeptide. Int. Symp. on Immunological adjuvants and Modulators of Non-Specific Resistance to Microbial Infections. Columbia, Md., July, 1986
137 Gangemi, J.D., Barnhart, D., Mayer, E.P., Ghaffar, A. and Nachtigal, M. Therapeutic value of liposome-encapsulated and free muramyl tripeptide in herpesvirus infections. Int. Congr. Immunol, Toronto, Canada, July, 1986
138 Ghaffar, A., Barnhart, D., Mayer, E.P., Nachtigal, M., Hightower, J.A. and Gangemi, J.D. Macrophage activation by free or liposome-encapsulated MTP-PE and the effects of these agents on resistance to herpesvirus infection. British Society for Immunology Annual Meeting, November, 1986
139 Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P., Nachtigal, M. and Gangemi, J.D. Stimulation of non-specific immune function and enhancement of resistance to herpes virus infection by poly I:C-LC. FASEB Annual Meeting, March, 1987
140 Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P. and Nachtigal, M. Augmentation of non-specific immune functions and resistance to virus infection by Poly I:C-LC. The Eighth European Immunology Meeting, 1987
141 Mayer, E.P., Gangemi, J.D. and Ghaffar, A. Immunomodulation by two polynucleotide analogs, Poly I:C-LC and Ampligen: Effects on phagocytic cells. The 11th International RES Congress, 1987
142 Mayer, E.P., Gangemi, J.D. and Ghaffar, A. Immunomodulation by two polynucleotide analogs, Poly I:C-LC and Ampligen: Enhancement of resistance to viral infections. Presented at the 11th International RES Congress, 1987
143 Azmi, F. Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Suppression of in vitro anti sheep red blood cell antibody response by Propionibacterium acnes. Annual Meeting of the SC Branch of the ASM, 1987
144 Schomogyi, M., Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Effects of poly I:C-LC and isoprinosine on mixed lymphocyte reaction and cytotoxicity. Annual Meeting of the SC Branch of the ASM, 1987
145 Barnhart, D., Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Use of immunomodulators to enhance resistance to viral encephalitis. Annual Meeting of the ASM, 1987
146 Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P. and Nachtigal, M. Augmentation of non-specific immune functions and resistance to virus infection by Poly I:C-LC Presented at the Eighth European Immunology Meeting, 1988
147 Azmi, F. Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Immunosuppression by Propionibacterium acnes: studies on the possible mechanisms. Annual Meeting of the FASEB, 1988
148 Azmi, F. Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Suppression of in vitro anti-sheep erythrocyte response: Production of suppressor factor by Propionibacterium acnes treated splenocytes. Annual meeting of the SC Branch of the ASM. October, 1988
149 Barnhart, D., Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer E.P. Use of immunomodulators to enhance resistance to viral encephalitis. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, (abstr. A 134), 1988
150 Azmi, F. Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Production of suppressor factor by adherent splenocytes from mice treated with Propionibacterium acnes. Annual meeting of the FASEB, 1989
151 Ghaffar, A., Azmi, F., Gangemi, J.D. and Mayer, E.P. Studies on a suppressor factor produced by splenic macrophages from mice treated with Propionibacterium acnes. 7th International Congress of Immunology, Berlin, 1989
152 Pyo, S. Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A., and Mayer, E.P. In vitro infection of peritoneal macrophages with HSV 1: Effects of immunomodulators and recombinant interferon on antiviral activity. Annual Meeting of the Society for Leukocyte Biology, 1989
153 Pyo, S. Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A., and Mayer, E.P. Poly I:C induced antiviral activity to HSV 1 infection in peritoneal macrophages. International Conference on Cytokines, 1989
154 DeCastro, L., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P., Kern, E.R. and Gangemi, J.D. Opportunistic cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections in murine AIDS (MAIDS): Therapy with 9 (2 phosphonylmethoxyethyl) adenine (PMEA). Presented at the Second Pan American Congress on AIDS, Dominican Republic, 1989
155 Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A. Mayer, E.P., De Clercq, E. and Monsigny, M. Targeting antivirals and immunomodulators to macrophages with neo-glycoproteins. Presented at the VI International Conference on Comparative and Applied Virology, 1989
156 Pyo, S., Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Antiviral activity of Poly I:C and cytokines in HSV-1 infected mouse peritoneal macrophages. FASEB, 1990
157 Azmi, F., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P. and Gangemi, J.D. Immunosuppression by Propionibacterium acnes: Studies on an Il-5 reversible immunosuppressive cytokine. FASEB, 1990
158 Gangemi, J.D., De Castro, L., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P., De Clercq, E., Vogt, P.E. and Kern, E.R. Treatment of opportunistic cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections in murine AIDS (MAIDS). Annual Meeting of the International Soc. for Antiviral Research, 1990
159 Gangemi, J.D., DeCastro, L., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P., and Kern, E.R. Treatment of opportunistic cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections in murine AIDS (MAIDS): Therapy with 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) adenine (PMEA). UCLA Symposium, 1990
160 Azmi, F.H., Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A., and Mayer, E.P. Immunosuppression by Propionibacterium acnes: Studies on the effects of the suppressor factor produced by adherent splenocytes. Joint Annual Meeting of the SC and NC Branches of the ASM. 1990
161 Pyo, S., Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A., and Mayer, E.P. Antiviral activity of Poly I:C and cytokines in HSV 1 infected mouse peritoneal macrophages. Joint Annual Meeting of the SC and NC Branches of the ASM. 1990
162 Barnhart, D.C., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P. and Gangemi, J.D. Mechanisms of polyinosinic polycytidylic acid induced resistance to flaviviral encephalitis. Joint Annual Meeting of the SC and NC Branches of the ASM. 1990
163 DeCastro, L., Kern, E.R., Vogt, P.E., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P., De Clercq, E. and Gangemi, J.D. Phosphonylmethoxyethyl purine and pyrimidine derivatives in the treatment of opportunistic cytomegalovirus infections in murine AIDS. Joint Annual Meeting of the SC and NC Branches of the ASM. 1990
164 Woods, J.A., Mayer, E.P. Ghaffar, A. and Bacro, T.R. The effects of exercise on macrophage tumoricidal activity. Joint Annual Meeting of the SC and NC Branches of the ASM. 1990
165 Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P and Gangemi, J.D. Cross-species antiviral activity of a recombinant human a-interferon hybrid. International Meeting of the American Society for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, 1991
166 Gangemi, J.D., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P., Szymaniec, S., De Clercq, E. D. and Monsigny, M. Targeting and delivery strategies of antiviral substances. 17th International Congress of Chemotherapy, 1991
167 Sundaram, R., Ghaffar, A., Gangemi, J.D. and Mayer, E.P. Suppression of phagocytosis in murine macrophages by LPS. Joint Annual Meeting of the SC and SE Branches of the ASM. 1991
168 Woods, J.A., Kohut, M.L., Davis, J.M., Ghaffar, A., and Mayer, E.P. Effects of exercise on the immune response to Cancer. Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, 1991
169 Barnhart, D., Mayer, E.P., Ghaffar A., and Gangemi, J.D. Cellular and humoral factors associated with polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:C) induced resistance to Banzi virus encephalitis. Presented at the Fifth Internatioal Conference on Antiviral Research, 1992
170 Sundaram, R., Ghaffar, A., Gangemi, J.D. and Mayer, E.P. Suppression of phagocytosis in murine macrophages by LPS. Annual Meeting of the SC Branch of the ASM, 1992
171 Sundaram, R., Ghaffar, A., Gangemi, J.D. and Mayer, E.P. Suppression of phagocytosis in murine macrophages by LPS. National meeting of the Society for Leukocyte Biology, 1992
172 Sundaram, R., Ghaffar, A., Gangemi, J.D. and Mayer, E.P. In vitro and in vivo suppression of macrophage phagocytosis by LPS. 93rd General Meeting of the ASM, 1993
173 Kohut, M.L., Davis, J.M., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P. and Jackson, D.A. Effects of exercise on macrophage antiviral function in the lung. Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, 1994
174 Davis, J.M., Kohut, M.L., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P., Hertler, L.M. and Jackson, D.A. Effects of exercise on Lung tumor metastasis and in vitro macrophage anti-tumor activity. Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, 1994
175 Kohut, M.L., Davis, M.J., Jackson, D.A., Essig, D.A., Mayer, E.P. and Ghaffar, A. Induction of macrophage beta-interferon mRNA during exercise. Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine,1995
176 Strasner, A., Davis, M.J., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. The effects of high-verses moderate-intensity exercise on the NK cell response in women. Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine,1995
177 Hertler, L.M., Davis, J.M., Kohut, M.L., Ghaffar, A., and Mayer, E.P. Effect of exercise on resistance to viral infection in mice. Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, 1996
178 Davis, J.M., Weaver, J.A., Kohut, M.L., Ghaffar, A., and Mayer, E.P. Immune system activation and fatigue during treadmill running in mice: Role of interferon a/. Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, 1996
179 Gowen, B., Borg, T.K., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Gregarious macrophages: macrophage interaction with extracellular matrix proteins. 32nd National Meeting of the Society for Leukocyte Biology. Baltimore, Dec., 1997
180 Gowen, B., Borg, T.K., Ghaffar, A., and Mayer, E.P. Macrophage adhesion to denatured type I collagen but not the native fibrillar conformation. Annual Meeting of the South Carolina Branch of the American Society for Microbiology, 1998
181 Gowen, B., Borg, T.K., Ghaffar, A., and Mayer, E.P. Macrophage adhesion to type I collagen: Is it 1integrin mediated? F.A.S.E.B. Journal 13, A1134, (Abst. #848.5), 1999
182 Guttmann, S.T., Nachtigal, M., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Macrophage adherence to oxidized type-I collagen. AAI, Orlando, March, 2001
183 Davis, J.M., Murphy, E.A., Ghaffar, A. Mayer, E.P. and Fulk, L.J. Effects of oat Beta-glucan on susceptibility to infection following both moderate and strenuous exercise training. Annual meeting of the International Society for Exercise and Immunology, 2001
184 Murphey, E.A., Davis, J.M., Hargroder, H, Walters, W., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Effect of CHO and -glucan on immune function and susceptibility to infection following fatiguing exercise. 48th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, May-June, 2001
185 Mayer, E.P., Ryoji, N., Ghaffar, A., and Nachtigal, M. The role of galectin-3 in macrophage spreading. Cytokine Odyssey 2001: Joint Meeting of the International Cytokine Society and the Society for Leukocyte Biology, 2001
186 Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P., and Nachtigal, M. The role of galectin-3 in resistance against tumor metastasis and infection. Cytokine Odyssey 2001: Joint Meeting of the International Cytokine Society and the Society for Leukocyte Biology, 2001
187 Davis, J.M., Murphey, E.A., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Effect of oat -glucan on susceptibility to infection and macrophage antiviral resistance following strenuous exercise. 49th Annual Meeting of American College for Sports Medicine (Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 34:S47, # 259, 2002)
188 Brown A.S., Davis, Murphy E.A., Mehl, K.A. Ghaffar A. and Mayer, E. Effect of gender and fatiguing exercise on susceptibility to infection. 49th Annual Meeting of American College for Sports Medicine (Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 34:S115, #646 2002)
189 Murphey, E.A., Davis, J.M., Brown, A., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Effects of moderateexercise training and oat -glucan on susceptibility to infection following fatiguing exercise. 49th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, (Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 34:S116, #652, 2002)
190 Gangemi, J.D., Mayer, E. P. Ghaffar, A. and J.M. Davis. Modulation of cytokine production by nutraceuticals. International Cytokine Society Annual meeting 2002
191 Davis, J.M., Murphey, E.A., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Effect of oat -glucan on susceptibility to infection and macrophage antiviral resistance following strenuous exercise. 49th Annual Meeting of American College for Sports Medicine (Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 34:S47, # 259, 2002).
192 Brown A.S., Davis, Murphy E.A., Mehl K.A. Ghaffar A. and Mayer, E. Effect of gender and fatiguing exercise on susceptibility to infection. 49th Annual Meeting of American College for Sports Medicine (Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 34:S115, #646 2002).
193 Brown, A.S., Davis, J.M., Murphy, E.A., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E. Effects of gender and moderate exercise on lung tumor metastases and macrophage cytotoxicity. International Society for Exercise Immunology, Copenhagen, July, 2003
194 Brown, A.S., Davis, J.M., Murphy, E.A., Carmichael, M.D., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E. Gender differences in macrophage antiviral function. SE Branch, College of Sports Medicine., 2003
195 Murphy, E.A., Davis, J.M., Brown, A., Carmichael, M.D., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E. Effects of oat beta-glucan feedings and exercise on neutrophil function. SE Branch, College of Sports Medicine., 2003
196 Murphy, E.A., Davis, J.M., Brown, A., Carmichael, M.D., Van Rooijen, N.A., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Reduced susceptibility to respiratory infection following moderate exercise: role of lung macrophages. SE Branch, College of Sports Medicine., 2004
197 Brown, A.S., Davis, J.M., Murphy, E.A., Groschwitz, C.M., Carmichael, M.D., Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Effects of Estrogen on Gender Differences in Susceptibility to HSV-1 Infection Following Exhaustive Exercise Stress. SE Branch, College of Sports Medicine., 2004
198 Brown, A.S., Davis, J.M., Murphy, E.A., Carmichael, M.D., Groschwitz, C.M., Carson, J.A. Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Effects of gender and estrogen on macrophage function and susceptibility to infection following repeated exhaustive exercise stress. FASEB, 2004
199 Murphy, E.A., Davis, J.M., Brown, A., Carmichael, M.D., Lake, J.L. Ghaffar, A. and Mayer, E.P. Effect of oat ?-glucan on susceptibility to respiratory infection in aged mice. FASEB, 2004
200 Nachtigal, M. Mayer, E.P. and Ghaffar, A. Reduction of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE/Galectin-3 double knockout mice. FASEB, April, 2004
201 Ruhland, A., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P.M. Adherence to ,odifie type-I collagen enhances the pro-atherogenic response of murine macrophages. SCBASM, April, 2004
202 Swaminathan, A., Ghaffar, A., Mayer, E.P.M. Astragalus inhibits tumor necrosis factor-a production via the NFkB pathway. SCBASM, April, 2004


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